ACEP clinical policy - Critical Issues in the Diagnosis and Management of the Adult Psychiatric Patient in the Emergency Department

ACEP clinical policy - Critical Issues in the Diagnosis and Management of the Adult Psychiatric Patient in the Emergency Department

As the emergency department has increasingly become more crowded with acute psychiatric emergencies, we thought it was timely to review the ACEP clinical policy for emergency department psychiatric patients.   It is hot off the press from January 2017 and updates the 2006 policy on the utility of routine labs, head imaging for new psychosis, risk-assessment tools for suicide, and use of ketamine for agitation.  

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Get down that K-Hole! Ketamine for Control of the Agitated Adult Emergency Department Patient

Get down that K-Hole!  Ketamine for Control of the Agitated Adult Emergency Department Patient

Emergency physicians regularly encounter agitated patients that are a risk to both health care providers and themselves.  The onset of many traditional medications is relatively slow and often requires additional doses.  Although there haven’t been large numbers of studies, the use of ketamine to control the acutely agitated patient has been increasing both in the prehospital and ED settings. Its characteristics such as rapid onset, preservation of respiratory drive, and minimal hemodynamic effects make it potentially desirable as a first-dose control agent.  In this post, we walk through some of the literature on the use of ketamine for the acutely agitated patient.

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"It starts with a K . . . " - Low Dose Ketamine for Pain Control

"It starts with a K . . . " - Low Dose Ketamine for Pain Control

Pain control in the emergency department is an important part of patient care and a key reason patients seek our help. Current pharmacologic methods include opiates, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, and regional anesthesia. Opiates often produce inadequate pain control in both opiate tolerant and opiate naïve patients and have adverse effects such as over-sedation, respiratory depression, nausea, hypotension, tolerance, and dependence [1]. NSAID use can be complicated by nephrotoxicity, gastropathy, and cardiac toxicity and have been implicated in 11% of adverse drug reaction related hospital admissions [2]. 

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